مطالعات زن و خانواده

تجربه زیسته زنان و مردان متأهل ایرانی از تعامل با یکدیگر در رابطه زناشویی: یک مطالعه ی کیفی مبتنی بر رویکرد روان‌درمانی تحلیلی کارکردی(FAP)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مرکز تحصیلات تکمیلی پیام نور، تهران ،ایران

2 استاد گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

3 استاد تمام دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، تهران،ایران

4 دانشیار روانشناسی دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

روابط انسانی دارای سطوح و زوایای بسیار متفاوتی است و آن‌ها را می‌توان از چشم‌اندازهای متفاوتی بررسی کرد. رواندرمانی تحلیلی کارکردی(FAP) یکی از درمان‌های موج سوم است که بر رابطه تأکید فراوانی دارد و در بهبود مشکلات ارتباطی یاری دهنده است. باتوجه به این‌که در سال‌های اخیر نرخ تعارض زوجین و طلاق در کشور رو به رشد رفته است، بنظر می‌رسد شناسایی عمیق و جامع عوامل بافتاری و فرهنگی مرتبط با تعاملات زوجین، تبیین معنا و مفهوم آن و مدل عوامل مرتبط با کیفیت تعامل زوجین مورد نیاز است. از همین‌رو هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل کیفی تجربه‌ی زیسته زنان و مردان متأهل ایرانی از رابطه با یکدیگر در رابطه‌ی زناشویی، در بافت رواندرمانی تحلیلی کارکردی است.
این پژوهش با استفاده از روش درون‌مایه‌ای انجام شد. نمونه‌ها با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. و داده‌ها با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته چهره به چهره جمع‌آوری و تحلیل گردید.
مصاحبه‌های صورت گرفته و تحلیل داده‌ها در7 بعد اصلی انجام گردید که این ابعاد اصلی «نگرش‌ها»، «ارتباط کلامی و غیرکلامی»، «افشاگری و رابطه نزدیک با همسر»، «رابطه دوجانبه»، «تعارض و ناسازگاری»، «تشخیص و بیان نیاز»و «تجربه و ابراز هیجان» است. همچنین مقوله‌ها و مفاهیم از محتوای مصاحبه‌های شرکت‌کنندگان به دست آمد.
نتایج حاصل شده، یک رویکرد تحلیلی متمرکز بر رفتار برای ارزیابی، مفهوم‌سازی و درمان بحران روابط را به زوج-درمانگران ارائه می‌دهد. و کمک می‌کند تا زوج‌درمانگر بجای اینکه به آنچه باید برای زوج‌ها انجام شود تمرکز کند، به آنچه برای زوج‌ها کاربردی است و آنچه کاربردی نیست، تمرکز کنند و حساس باشند.

تازه های تحقیق

تصدیق اهمیت فرهنگ اغراق ­آمیز نیست. از دیدگاه FAP همه ما محصولات محیط خود هستیم و فرهنگ عاملی عمده در محیط ما است؛ بنابراین درمانگران FAP بایستی به طور عمیق با فرهنگ یا خرده­فرهنگ درمانجو متناسب رفتار کنند. تقویت­کننده و تنبیه­کننده بودن یک رفتار وابسته به فرهنگ است و درمانگران FAP بایستی در ارزیابی تفاوت­های فرهنگی   و آنچه به طور طبیعی بر این رفتارها تقویت­کننده است ماهر باشند. درمانگران FAP بایستی نسبت به این واقعیت حساس باشند که زبان حامل اصلی فرهنگ است و زبان خود را بر این اساس تطبیق بدهند (سای، کوهلنبرگ، کانتر، هولمن و لودان[1]، 1395). در واقع رفتارهای مشابه می­توانند کارکردهای متفاوتی درقالب­های متفاوت داشته باشند و به­ویژه اینکه رفتارهای متفاوت هم می­توانند کارکرد مشابهی داشته باشد. تشخیص و درک این طبقات کارکردی مهم برای زوج­ها مسئولیت درمانگرست. در نتیجه بررسی بستر و تفاوت­های فرهنگی می­تواند به ساخت ابزارهای سنجش فرهنگ­بسته کمک کرده و کارایی درمان را افزایش دهد چرا که سنجش دقیق، شاهراه ورود به یک مفهوم­پردازی و ضابطه­مندی درست و کاربردی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Lived experience of Iranian married men and women in interacting with each other in marital relationship: a qualitative research based on functional analytic psychotherapy approach (FAP)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Najafoui Torkamani 1
  • Ahmad Alipour 2
  • Mahnaz Aliakbaridehkordi 3
  • Majid Saffarinia 4

1 PhD student in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

, human relationship has different levels and aspects which can be study from various points of view. Functional analytical psychotherapy (FAP) is one of third wave therapies which focuses on relationship and is help‌full in improving relationship problems. Regarding the growth of conflict between couples and the rate of divorce in country, it seems that deep and comprehensive identification of behavioral and cultural factors related to couples interaction, explaining its meaning and concept and modeling factors related to couples interaction quality are necessary. Thus the aim of present research is qualitative analysis of lived experience of Iranian married men and women from interacting with each other in marital relationship based on functional analytical psychotherapy (FAP).
Method: present research was performed by thematic analysis method. Samples were selected by purposeful sampling and data were collected and analyzed by face to face semi-structured interview.
Results: interviews and analysis were performed based on 7 main aspects such as: attitudes, verbal and nonverbal relationship, disclosure and close relationship with spouse, mutual relationship, conflict and incompatibility, identify and express needs, experience and express excitement. Also, categories and concepts were achieved from participant's interviews.
Conclusion: results provide an approach based on behavior in order to assess, conceptualization and treatment of relationship crisis for couples therapists and help them to concentrate and focus on something practical or impractical for couples instead of something which will perform for couples.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • lived experience
  • Iranian men and women
  • relationship
  • functional analytic psychotherapy
  • couple therapy
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مطالعات زن و خانواده
دوره 10، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 27
دی 1401
صفحه 56-80