مطالعات زن و خانواده
کندوکاوی در روش های کاربردی مدیریت زمان در خانواده
نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد، دانشگاه معارف اسلامی، قم، ایران
2 مدرس خارج حوزه علمیه قم بنیاد بین المللی اسراء، قم ، ایران
3 هیئت علمی، گروه شیعه شناسی و معارف اسلامی، پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
عمر انسان، با خصوصیّات بیمانندش، از نعمتهای بسیار ارجمند خدای رحمان است که هماره در معرض حوادث و نابود شدن قرار دارد. از سوی دیگر، مدیریت زمان از شاخصهای مهم در زندگی فردی و خانوادگی است؛ یعنی انسانهای خردمند برای وصول به آرمانهای فردی و خانوادگی خویش، باید با برنامهریزی هدفمندانه، چگونگی استفاده از نعمت وقت را مدیریت کنند تا به سهولت و سرعت، به اهدافشان برسند. بر این اساس، باید انسانهای مؤمن مدبّر، روشهای عینی و کاربردی خاصی را سرآمد امور زندگی خویش قرار دهند؛ یعنی نوعی تحوّل و دگردیسی در قلمرو اعمال و رفتارهایشان در شئون زندگی؛ به‌ویژه شئون خانوادگی پدیدآورند تا بتوانند از عمرشان استفاده بهینه و بیشینه کنند. پاسخگویی عالمانه به این پرسش: «روشهای کاربردی مدیریت زمان در خانواده چیست؟» هدف پژوهش پیش روست که چهار شیوه را پیش مینهد. در مغرب زمین، نخستین کتاب درباره مدیریت زمان، اواخر دهه 1950 به بازار آمد؛ ولی بسیار پیشتر، در منابع اسلامی با عناوین استفاده بهینه از عمر و فرصتهای گوناگون زندگی یا داشتن نظم، از آن یادشده بود. روش پژوهش این مقاله، از گونه نقلیِ وحیانی (گزارش و تحلیل محتوای آیات و روایات) است و گردآوری دادهها با شیوه کتابخانهای و نرمافزاری و پردازش متن مقاله، به روش توصیفی و تحلیلی است.
تازه های تحقیق
در پی تحقیق از روشهای کاربردی مدیریت زمان در خانواده به نتایج زیردست یافتیم:
زمان ارجمندترین نعمت خدای بزرگ برای انسان است. قرآن و روایات با تعابیر گوناگونی، انسان را به استفاده صحیح از وقت و عمر خویش فراخوانده و اتلاف آن را به عذاب‌های سخت تهدید کرده است.
مدیریت زمان فرایند برنامهریزی هدفمند و به‌کارگیری هوشمندانه امکانات متناسب و کنترل آگاهانه برنامهها و وقتی است که صرف فعالیتهای افراد خانواده می‌شود.
بر پایه رهیافتهای عقلانی و آیات و روایات فراوان، مدیریت زمان ضرورتی اجتناب‌ناپذیر برای هر خانواده است، چون در نبود آن، رشته کارها از هم می‌گسلد و اهداف از دست میرود.
هدفداری مساوی است با معناداری زندگی و بیهدفی با پوچی آن؛ هرچند هرگونه هدفی نمی‌تواند مقصود افراد خانواده را تأمین کند؛ بلکه هدفی باید که دارای قداست باشد.
آگاهی از فرجام کار، از نکات بسیار مهم در مدیریت زمان و چگونگی برنامهریزی و انتخاب هدف در زندگی خانوادگی است.
اولویت‌بندی که نتیجه مدیریت صحیح زمان است، امری ضروری و ضامن موفقیت در اجرای برنامه‌های خانواده است. فراهم‌ساختن فرانمای کاری و برخورداری از انضباط و رعایت زمان مقرر در همه شئون زندگی خانوادگی نقش مهمی در مدیریت زمان دارند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Researching Applied Method of Time Management in Family
نویسندگان [English]
- Marzihe Mohammadi aram 1
- Majid Heidarifar 2
- Ahmad Saade 3
1 MA., Maaref university Qom, Qom, Iran
2 Esra International Institue, Qom, Iran
3 َّFaculty, Pardise farabi , Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Human life, with its unique characteristics, is one of the most precious blessings of God the Merciful, which is always exposed to events and destruction. On the other hand, time management is of particular importance; That is, in order to achieve one's lofty ideals, a believer must increase the quality of productivity of his life with purposeful and intelligent planning in order to reach his goals sooner.
Accordingly, the believer must put certain objective and practical methods at the forefront of his affairs; That is, he created a kind of transformation in the realm of his actions and behaviors so that he could make the most of his life.
The wise answer to this question: "What are the practical methods of time management?" Inspired by the verses, the aim of the research is to show the practical life of the Prophets in four ways.
In the West, the first book on time management was published in the late 1950s; But much earlier, in Islamic sources, it was referred to as the optimal use of life and the various opportunities of life or order.
The research method of this article is one of the narrative types of revelation (reporting and analyzing the medals of verses and narrations) and collecting data in a library and software method and processing the text of the article is descriptive and analytical.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- ’time management’
- ‘family life’
- ‘practical methods’
Background and Purpose
Time management is considered an essential feature in life; That is, wise people, to achieve their transcendent goals and ideals, must manage how to use the blessings of time by meaningful planning in order to achieve them easily and quickly. Time management is a process of purposeful planning and intelligent application of suitable facilities and conscious monitoring of programs and time that is spent on human activities and increases human effectiveness. The man of faith must try their best to make the optimal use of his life and prevent it from being wasted. Time Management and directing it in the right course result from having accurate and purposeful planning in a monotheistic life. In this way, human beings can walk through the right path of servitude steadfastly because in the absence of time management, goals will become unattainable, and life affairs will be disrupted.
Time management is one of the most important issues in individual and family life because human beings are both perfectionists and seek peace. It is evident that these can be never be achieved without intelligent planning. So, all family members, fathers specifically, must have a good understanding of applied and practical methods of time management in personal and collective life and prioritize specific applied methods in their life; in other words, they must transform their actions and behaviors so that they can use the best of their lives. The current study aims to scientifically answer the question of ''what are the applied methods of time management in a family'', which yields four methods.
Methods
This study uses a revelational narrative (reporting and inferential analysis of verses and narrations) versus a historical narrative (reporting and analyzing events related to the time and place or individuals and groups) (Heidarifar, 2009). The data collection method is library-based, and the processing of this article is descriptive-analytic.
Conclusion
Goal setting and having firm determination in achieving these goals is one of the applied and executive methods of time management in the family. Goal setting means relating own goals to the tasks and missions in all aspects of life. Without a doubt, the lack of a clear goal will lead to backwardness.
Awareness of the outcome of work is also one of the most important principles of time management. The way to plan and choose a goal in family life has many effects on the progression, continuity, and determination in the way forward. This trend finally leads to proper planning toward satisfaction, health, and happiness in the worldly and other-worldly life of the family.
In a monotheistic life, all family members, whether they like it or not, know it or not, gravitate and lead to God, so they must determine their own path according to this goal. The family can achieve well-being, Chastity, and happiness when it has transcendent goals in its plans. In fact, purposefulness equals the meaningfulness of life, and lack of purpose equals emptiness; However, Not every goal can achieve the human purpose; Rather, it must have sacredness and purity.
One of the applied methods of time management in the family is prioritizing and sorting tasks out; This means that family members should put the most important tasks first. This method requires people to think about the important things first. People cannot do multiple things simultaneously, So they have to put the most important things at the top of their schedule. Accordingly, all family members should prioritize their plans utilizing appropriate time management; Otherwise, they will get confused and distressed and will be unplanned. Prioritization is the result of proper time management and ensures human success in implementing programs. (Okhovat & Shahidzadeh, 2011).
Adherence to discipline and the scheduled time in various aspects of family life is also an applied and practical method in time management. Wise family members think about the result of each action in advance, considering the specified time. A family whose life is based on the proper foundation is faster and more confident than those who do not have discipline, and they progress faster. Punctuality and disorderliness will cause damage and postponement, resulting in confusion about priorities and procrastination; in such a way that small and limited tasks appear to be a mass of accumulated works, which lead to individual's perception of inability and refraining from action (Mousavi Lari, 1997).
Preparing a daily schedule- a to-do list- is one of the applied methods of time management in family life. In this regard, believers should take God as a role model who based the creation and movement of celestial bodies on a specific timeline.
In the West, the first book on time management was published in the late 1950s (Ross, 2012); But much earlier, it was mentioned in Islamic sources as the optimal use of life and various opportunities or being organized and ordered.
Before suggesting recommended topics to researchers, it should be noted that time management is a subject that has very little interdisciplinary research, study resources, and books because the principle of management is one of the emerging disciplines in national and international educational centers. The suggested topics are as follows:
-Time management in an individual lifestyle
-Time management in a social lifestyle
-Time management in an economical lifestyle
-Time management in a political lifestyle
-Time management in a devotional lifestyle
-Time management in a cultural lifestyle
-Time management in a scientific lifestyle
Ethical consideration
Compliance with ethical guidelines
Research ethics
The authors validate the originality of the article and declare that concerning the publication of the article, they entirely had followed the ethical codes and had avoided plagiarism, misconduct, data forgery, and duplication. They also declare that this work is taken from the corresponding author's master's dissertation and has not been previously published elsewhere, and has not been submitted to another journal at the same time.
Funding: The authors did not receive grants for any part of the article (including data monitoring, design of the study, preparation of the work, statistical analysis, etc.) from any third party (governmental, business, private foundation, etc.)
Authors' contribution: The corresponding author was responsible for data collection and analysis, the second author was responsible for reviewing and editing, and the third author was responsible for introducing sources and references.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicting interests.
Acknowledgments: We would like to thank all those who helped us in this study.
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