Document Type : Research/Original/Regular

Authors

• Shohre Rowshani ¹
• Mansoureh Zarean ²
• Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi ³
• Maryam Tafteh ⁴

¹ Assistant Professor of Women Studies, Department of Social Science and Development Studies, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

² 2. Assistant Professor of Sociology, Department of Social Science and Development Studies, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

³ Associate Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, ،Tehran, Iran

⁴ Master of Sociology, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

One of the important factors of marital satisfaction is marriage readiness and the role of socialization in development this readiness is important. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of education-based socialization about marriage and marital life by various agents of socialization including father, mother, school, television, cyberspace and peers on marriage readiness. The research is descriptive-correlational and The statistical population included single girls and boys living in Tehran, of whom 384 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The data was collected by using Qalili Renani's Marriage Readiness Questionnaire (2013) and the questionnaire made by the researcher of the education about marriage and marital life by various agents of socialization. Data analysis was done using SPSS 25. Findings showed The average score of education-based socialization of different agents of socialization is different and in order mother with average score of 68.59, father with 59.94, peers with 47.25, cyberspace with 46.62, television with 31.08 and school with 28.65 is placed. The regression analysis also showed that only socialization through mother's education is effective on marriage readiness. according to this, In order to benefit from the special position of the mother in the process of socialization of children, it is suggested to raise awareness and provide the necessary training to mothers. Also, policy making and planning to take advantage of the capacity of other agents of socialization, including father, school, television and cyber space, can play an effective role in marriage readiness.

Highlights

Background and Purpose

 The One of the important factors of marital satisfaction and marriage success is marriage preparation. Marriage readiness is an important step in deciding to get married and it can be defined as the level of a person's feeling of readiness to play the role of a spous and the need for love, character completion, communication and companionship. Preparation for marriage for most young people is a part of the social developmental transition to marriage and it expresses the readiness to face the ups and downs of marriage and it can be considered as a person's personal assessment of his abilities and resources to handle the needs and challenges of marital life (Shemila & Manikandan, 2018(.

Researchers emphasize pre-marriage and post-marriage training in the form of individual and group training sessions and workshops with the aim of getting ready for marriage, but it seems that the importance of socialization in this field is undeniable. Socialization is the process of learning appropriate values, attitudes and actions by individuals as members of a specific society and culture (Bostan, 2014). During the process of socialization, a person learns behaviors along with values and attitudes and develops them throughout his life. As a result, the values, attitudes, norms, knowledge and skills learned give a person the ability to communicate with different people and groups and respond favorably to the expectations of the roles assigned to him (Monadi, 2008: 27-29). Based on this, socialization in the field of marriage and marital life enables a person to learn the necessary knowledge and skills for a successful marital life, to be able to fulfill the roles of spouse and parent in a favorable way.

In the field of preparation for marriage in Iran, few researches have been conducted; some of these studies use qualitative methods to express attitudes and beliefs in the field of preparation for marriage, as well as the necessary criteria for preparation for marriage based on the opinions of young people, parents and experts, and another part has analyzed the relationship of various variables such as attachment styles, personality traits and religious attitude with readiness for marriage, and the role of socialization in the field of marriage and marital life in creating Preparation for marriage has not been investigated in previous researches. Therefore, the current research has sought to examine the role of socialization in the field of marriage and marital life in creating preparation for marriage, and according to that children in the process of socialization are connected with various educational institutions including family, education, media and the peer group, it has investigated the effect of socialization through the training of these socialization agents on the preparation for marriage.

Method

The current research is of a descriptive-correlation type and was carried out by a survey method. The participants were 384 unmarried boys and girls living in Tehran city, who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from five parts of north, south, east, west and center of Tehran. The tool for collecting information was the Qalili Marriage Preparation Questionnaire (2013) and the questionnaire made by the researcher of education provided in the field of marriage and marital life by father, mother, school, television, cyberspace and peer group. Data analysis has been done using SPSS 25 software in two parts, descriptive and inferential.

Findings

The results of the study showed a positive and significant correlation between socialization through father's education and preparation for marriage (r=0.16, p<0.01) and socialization through mother's education and marriage preparation (r=0.21, p<0.01) and there is no correlation between socialization through education from other sources including school, television, peers and cyberspace with marriage readiness. To test the hypotheses, simultaneous multivariate linear regression was used and according to the significance of the regression model, the regression coefficients and their significance test were calculated and the results are presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Regression coefficients and significance test for predicting readiness for marriage

Discussion and Conclusion

The findings of the present research are in line with the results of the studies of Hossein Zadeh (2017), Masoumi (2015), Syamal & Taufik (2019), Riahi & Alizadeh (2012) regarding the influence of the family on the marriage readiness of children. The results of the present study show the prominent role of the mother in the socialization of children for marriage and marital life. Therefore, considering the impact of this important source and its special position compared to other agents of socialization, it is suggested to create programs in order to raise awareness and provide the necessary training to mothers in this field, with the aim of strengthening this important Socialization agent should be designed and implemented to prepare for marriage.

The findings of the research show that socialization through father's education has no effect on the preparation for marriage, which seems to indicate the reduction of the father's educational role in the family. Too much emphasis on the importance of the mother's role in raising a child can lead to the harm of the father's marginalization in the matter of education, which will eventually cause the children to face serious problems in their future life. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the educational role of fathers in the family and devise measures so that fathers have a stronger presence in the education of children and also acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to play an effective fathering role.

According to the results of the present study, the average score of socialization through the training of different agents of socialization was different, and in order, mother's training with an average score of 68.59, father with 59.94, peers with 47.25, cyberspace with 46.62, television is ranked with 31.08 and school with 28.65. The lowest amount of training, with a significant difference compared to other agents, was received from the two agents of school and television; While according to the existing theories, these two agents are expected to play an effective role in socialization. Therefore, policy making and planning to use the capacity of these two important agents of socialization are very necessary to prepare for marriage. Also, the higher average amount of cyberspace training compared to television and school indicates the prominent position of cyberspace among the sources of providing information in the field of marriage and marital life to teenagers and young people. Therefore, it is suggested that the responsible institutions in the field of family, by producing and presenting suitable content in the field of education necessary for marriage and successful marital life and its maximum dissemination by using the capacity of cyberspace, turn the possible threats of using cyberspace by teenagers and youth into unique opportunities for knowledge-building and skill-building in the direction of forming, consolidating and improving the family.

Keywords

• marriage readiness
• socialization
• family
• mother

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Main Subjects

• marriage