Document Type : Research/Original/Regular

Authors

• Farideh Hamidi ¹
• Fatemeh Poorkalhor ²

¹ Department of Educational Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.

² MSc in school counseling, Department ofEducational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, ShahidRajaee Teacher Training University,Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the prediction of premenstrual syndrome based on coping styles with stress and lifestyle in high school students. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and was a descriptive correlational study in terms of method. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all high school students in the 11th grade of the urban area in the second semester of 2020-2021, and according to Krejcie Morgan table, 269 people were selected as the sample by available non-random sampling method. To collect data, Stinner (2003) Premenstrual Syndrome Disorder (PSST), Andler and Parker (1990) Stress Coping Styles (LISQ) and Lali et al. (2012) Lifestyle Questionnaire were used. SPSS23 software and stepwise regression coefficient were used to analyze the data. Results showed that coping styles with stress and lifestyle have the ability to explain and predict premenstrual syndrome. So that emotion-oriented confrontation with stress and then exercise and health, spiritual health and lifestyle components, in three steps were able to explain and predict 13% of the variance in the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Therefore, it is suggested that educational counselors and trainers in schools pay attention to the correct knowledge of lifestyle and copying styles training in schools.

Highlights

Background and Purpose

Adolescence is a critical stage in a person's life that is characterized by growth, physical, emotional, and social changes (Parra et al., 2015; Snoek et al., 2013). One of the most important issues for adolescent girls after puberty is dealing with the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, which is very common among adolescents (Alfiah & Harumi, 2022, Soliman et al, 2022; Dutta and Sharma, 2021, Huwaida et al., 2022, Amjadia et al., 2022). Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is defined as a periodic process that begins in the luteal phase and ends approximately 4 days after the onset of menstruation, during which physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes occur (Sai and Shree, 2019, Hofmeister & Bodden, 2016; Hantsoo & Epperson, 2015). The most common physical symptoms of PMS are abdominal cramps, fatigue, inflammation, chest pain, acne and weight gain (Brahmbhatt et al., 2013) and the most common emotional and behavioral symptoms include irritability, sadness, palpitations, and palpitations. Fatigue is the reduction of attention span, forgetfulness and weakness in decision making (Epperson et al., 2012; Imai et al., 2015). These symptoms usually go away with the onset of menstruation (Hantsoo & Epperson, 2015). As a result of research by Sureyya et al. (2021) showed that adolescents with premenstrual syndrome suffer more from childhood injuries and mental problems.

        Stress is a state of physiological or psychological stress caused by internal physical, mental, or emotional stimuli that tends to impair the function of the organism. Considering that lifestyle affects all aspects of human life, especially adolescents, and in premenstrual syndrome is one of the most important aspects of a person's life, we can expect the type of behavior and attitude of the person. Affect this syndrome. Therefore, according to the present study, PMS was predicted based on coping styles with stress and lifestyle in high school students.

Method

        The method of the current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of correlational data analysis. The statistical population of the present study was all the second high school students of the 11th grade of Amel city in the second semester of 2019-2020, and 269 people were selected as non-random sampling. The measurement tools included Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms Screening Questionnaire (2003), Andler & Parker Multidimensional Questionnaire (1990) and Lifestyle Questionnaire (2011).

Findings

The data was analyzed using stepwise regression coefficient and using spss23 software.

Table 1. Input and output variables using stepwise regression

Table 2. Model adequacy indices between coping styles with stress and lifestyle with PMS symptoms

According to the calculated regression coefficients, all the investigated variables were significant and to judge the ability to explain and predict the ways of coping with stress and lifestyle components on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, to the column Beta coefficients were standardized according to the last model (2), it can be seen that the variables of emotion copying style, exercise and well-being and spiritual health can be suitable predictors for the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome disorder. Also, based on the coefficient of determination, the components of emotional copying style, exercise and wellness and spiritual health in three steps have been able to explain and predict 13% of the variance of PMS symptoms.

Discussion and Conclusion

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting premenstrual syndrome disorder based on coping styles and lifestyle in female high school students. The results of the research showed that types of coping and lifestyle predict the amount of premenstrual syndrome disorder in students. The results of some studies are in line with the findings of the present study. For example, the research results of Huwaida et al. (2022) and Kim et al. (2019) showed that the methods of dealing with stress are effective factors in increasing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in physical, behavioral, and emotional dimensions, and it also has consequences. Examining factors related to premenstrual syndrome leads to a general approach to stress as well as solutions related to its control.

The results of this study can help the country's officials and planners in the field of prevention, controlling potential harms, advancing its risks, and understanding more and more social support in counseling sessions for students and families. This research and its consequences for all people dealing with mental health, such as counselors in educational counseling centers, psychotherapists and psychiatrists and caretakers of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, social welfare workers and the Ministry of Science and Technology and educators and Teachers and educators can be helpful and helpful.

Keywords

• Premenstrual Syndrome Disorder
• Coping Styles
• Lifestyle

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Main Subjects

• Woman and family