Document Type : Research/Original/Regular

Authors

• zeinab sadat mousavi tabar ¹
• Ahmadreza Tohidi ²
• Sayyid Mohsen Fattahi ³

¹ Ph.D. student of women studies at the University of the Religions.Qom,Iran

² Faculty member and associate professor of law, Faculty of Law, Qom University,Qom, Iran.

³ Assistant prof. Qom university ,Qom, Iran

Abstract

Domestic violence is an important issue in the family. "Unspoken emotional spousal abuse" is one of the types of emotional psychological violence. Unfortunately, this type of violence has received less attention; If its destructive effects are great; Therefore, it is important to investigate this type of violence. Sometimes a man causes this type of psychological violence by performing acts or showing annoying states or leaving his emotional relationship with his wife. The effects of this type of violence cause insecurity and damage a woman's dignity, reputation and self-confidence. The purpose of this study is to study and determine the rate of unspoken emotional spousal abuse among married women who referred to the courts of Qom in 1398, based on a descriptive-analytical method using a questionnaire, and a survey method to collect data and information. Research shows that the highest levels of violence were related to physical violence in 116 women (47.5%), economic violence in 53 women (21.7%), psychological violence in 38 women (15.6%) and sexual violence in 25 (25). Was 10.2%). According to the obtained results, it is suggested that skills be taught to couples before marriage and it is necessary for children to become familiar with the methods of mutual respect so that they do not suffer from behavioral disorders in adulthood. Violence screening is also necessary and the design and implementation of necessary interventions, such as life skills training, promotion of counseling among couples and their referral to reduce this problem in families is necessary.

Highlights

Extended Abstract

Background & Purpose

 Domestic violence, as defined by the World Health Organization, refers to the deliberate use of physical or potential force or coercion against others, which can occur without physical harm or with injury, psychological trauma, growth retardation and various deprivations, and even death. Catch (Khajavikia, 2008, 48); Therefore, it can be said that spousal abuse is: "Harassment of women in various forms: aggression, emotional harassment, insults, beatings, prohibition of social relations, violence in physical behavior or sexual behavior without consent" (Maquibar, 2017: 188).

There are different types of domestic violence and according to the type or individual, domestic violence is divided according to the type of violence. It includes physical, mental, sexual, health, financial, etc. and occurs as an individual in one of the forms of spousal abuse, child abuse, murder, child rape or murder, and child violence against each other (Jahromi, 2016:177); domestic violence also has devastating individual and social consequences. Individual consequences; Such as psychological trauma and social consequences; Such as divorce and increasing family disputes, decreasing marital satisfaction, women turning to psychedelics, alcohol, drugs, gambling, prostitution as well as anxiety, aggression, not participating in social activities, resentment and revenge, raising abnormal children without Self. - Confidence, there is a loss of respect between couples.

 In this study, the rate of spousal abuse and abuse of women in Iran was estimated between 35 to 85% (Kianfard et al. , 2017: 110).

 The age of violence against women was estimated to be between 16 and 24 years, and more than any age group, married women were harassed by their husbands (Leite et al. , 2014: 87). According to Galtung, violence can be divided into targeted violence versus unintentional violence, overt violence versus covert violence, individual violence versus structural violence, and physical violence versus psychological violence. Violence can be manifested naked, hidden, symbolic, in terms of the amount of consciousness committed during violence, consciously, unconsciously, unintentionally, in terms of the quality of harm to the type of psychological, physical and sexual violence. , Based on individuals exposed to mass violence. Interpersonal violence is divided into two areas, private and social, based on the prevalence of violence against oneself. Permitted Violence - Unauthorized Violence, Legal - Illegal, Necessary - Unnecessary, Useful - Harmful, Physical - Non - Physical Violence, Individual - Social Violence, and also according to other classifications, violence is classified into verbal and non - verbal (Huecker, 2011: 49); Therefore, it is important to study this issue; According to researchers in this field, spousal abuse is one of the types of violence against women and one of the well-known health priorities among them (Garcia, 2011: 230). This widespread and serious domestic violence is not just a global health concern. But it has to do with a range of physical and psychological issues.

 Therefore, it has been proposed as a hidden injury and a serious threat to women's mental health (Mehta, 2015: 631). Also based on research, psychological violence in general; Including insults, use of vulgar words, humiliation, etc. is more than physical violence, the effects of which, unlike physical violence, are not revealed quickly and have many destructive effects in the long run; Also, among the types of psychological violence, violence and low-level violence is the most common and 63/1% of women who are exposed to this type of violence suffer from it (Ahmadi & Zanganeh, 2002: 179).

 Therefore, emotional and non-verbal abuse of a spouse is one of the types of psychological and emotional violence and a kind of incompatibility that is committed by men against women and less attention is paid to this type of violence. If its destructive effects are high; Therefore, it is very important to study this type of violence so that the necessary planning can be done according to its severity and quantity. Hence, some of the different causes of emotional and non-verbal spousal abuse and its effects and consequences and statistical studies are discussed. The purpose of this study was to investigate and determine the extent of emotional and non-verbal harassment of women spouses who referred to the Qom court in 2019.

Method

 This is a descriptive survey study. The population consists of married women filing for divorce to Qom city court (Shahid Qudussi Judicial Complex). Two hundred fifty women were selected through a simple random sampling method. The sample size was estimated based on the population (N =600). Considering 10% dropout possibility, Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) sampling table was used. Domestic Violence Against omen (Mohseni Tabrizi et al. , 2013) was used to collect data. Data were analyzed in descriptive and inferential levels using SPSS 21.

Result

 The results indicated that the highest levels of violence were related to physical violence (N=116, 47/5%), economic violence (N=53, 21/7%), psychological violence (N=38, 15/6%) and sexual violence (N=25, 10/2%), respectively

Table 1. The overall rate of domestic violence against women by demographic characteristics of the women studied

Table 2. Distribution (percentage) of the frequency of unspoken spousal abuse by domains

 Conclusion

 The aim of this study was to determine the extent of emotional and non-verbal spousal abuse among married women who referred to the Qom City Court in 1398. It is worth mentioning that in order to collect complete and impartial data, a questionnaire of 60 questions of violence against women in Tabriz was used, which is based on statistical analysis and the results and results of the study indicate that the highest rate of violence is related to physical, economic and psychological violence. And is sexual and all dimensions of violence (physical, sexual, psychological and economic) have a significant relationship with the level of general violence against women and also there was a significant relationship between patriarchal beliefs and the level of general violence against women. There was no significant correlation between overall violence against women.

 Ethical Considerations 

 Compliance with research ethics: All subjects participated in the study by filling out a consent form, and the researchers assured them that their identity was kept confidential. We complied with ethical issues such as explaining the research purpose to the participants, giving each participant enough time to complete the questionnaire, additional needed explanations about the instruments, allowing them to withdraw from research and confidentiality.

 Funding: The present study was not sponsored by any organization and did not receive any financial support.

 Authors' contribution: The responsible author and first, Zeinab Sadat Mousavi Tabar, wrote the article, collected data and statistical analysis, and the 3rd author, Dr. Ahmad Reza Tohidi and sayyed Mohsen fattahi,  the second author supervised and finalized the cloud.

Conflict of interest: This research is not in conflict with personal or organizational interests.

Acknowledgments: The judiciary of the whole of Qom province, as well as the officials and judges of the Shahid Qudussi Judicial Complex (especially for family issues), are appreciated.  

Keywords

• Violence
• unspoken emotional spousal abuse
• women
• divorce
• marital relationships

20.1001.1.23452692.1401.10.2.2.3

Main Subjects

• marital adjustment