Journal of Woman and Family Studies

Qualitative Study of Transsexualism: Challenges and Identification Processes from family to society

Document Type : Research/Original/Regular

Author

Islamis Azad University, Sciences and Research University branch of Tehran (Kerman)

Abstract

Transsexualism is a phenomenon that opposes the society and its consequences are serious challenges for transsexuals. Therefore, this study tried to investigate the challenges of transsexuals in family and society before surgery.
Grounded Theory methodology utilized as the research approach. Field research is Tehran, specially Mirdamad Clinic which is the main center for consult and surgery of transsexuals from all over Iran.
12 transsexuals ( 7 participant were male to female ; 5 participant were female to male) were selected as the participants following qualitative Purposive sampling and theoretical saturation criterion. In-depth open ended interview was used to collect data. Generally , analyzing of data culminated in six main categories namely ; practical consciousness to discoursive consciousness; critical and low aware family; Sigma; conflict and role management challenges ; assimilation with opposite sex; Challenges of inclusion and exclusion . Finally suggestions presented at the end in line with the research finding.

Keywords

 

  1. American psychiatric Association (2002). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Text Revision, DSM-IV-TR. Translated by Mohammadreza Nikkhou, Tehran: Sokhan publishing (text in Persian).
  2. Bayani, F.,Beygvandheydari, D.,  Behravan, H.,  (2011). Effective Social Factors on Intensity of Gender Identity Disorder. Journal of Social Sciences, University of Ferdousi, Mashhad. Vol. 8, no, 1, pp: 1-27(text in Persian).
  3. Cassell, P., (2003). The Giddens Reader. Translated by Hassan Chvoshian. Tehran: Ghoghnous Publishing (text in Persian).
  4. Conron, K.J., Scott, G., Stowell, G.S., Landers, S.J.,( 2012). Transgender Health in Massachusetts: Results from a Household Probability Sample of Adults. Am. J. Public Health 102 (1), 118-122.
  5. Creswell, J. W., (1994). Research Design.London: Sage.
  6. De Santis, J. P., (2009). HIV Infection Risk Factors among Male-To-Female Transgender Persons: A Review of the Literature. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 20, 362-372
  7. Dunn, R. G., (2004). Identity Crisis: A Social Critique of Postmodernity. Translated by Saleh Najafi, Tehran: shirazeh Publishing (text in Persian).
  8. Glaser, B., G., Strauss, A. L., (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory, Strategies for Qualitative Research. London: Weidenfeild and Nicolson.(3).
  9. Goffman, E., (2006).  Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Translated by Masoud Kianpour, Tehran: Markaz (text in Persian).
  10. Grossman, A. H.,  D'Augelli, A. R., (2007). Transgender Youth and Life‐Threatening Behaviors. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 37(5), 527-537.
  11. Grossman, A. H., D’Augelli, A. R., (2006). Transgender Youth: Invisible and Vulnerable. Journal of Homosexuality, 51, 111-128
  12. Grossman, A. H., D’Augelli, A. R., Salter, N. P., (2006). Maleto- Female Transgender Youth: Gender Expression Milestones, Gender Atypicality, Victimization, and Parents’ Responses. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 2, 71-92.
  13. Hughto, J. M. W., Reisner, S. L.,  Pachankis, J. E., (2015). Transgender Stigma and Health: A Critical Review of Stigma Determinants, Mechanisms, And Interventions. Social Science & Medicine, 147, 222-231.
  14. Iantaffi, A.,  Bockting, W. O., (2011). Views From Both Sides of the Bridge? Gender, Sexual Legitimacy and Transgender People's Experiences of Relationships. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 13(03), 355-370.
  15. Iman, M., (2009). The Paradigmatic Foundation of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods in Humanities. Ghom: Hawsa va Daneshgah Publishing (text in Persian).
  16. Javaheri, F., Kouchkian, Z., (2006). Gender Identity Disorder and its Social Dimensions: Study of the Gender Dissatisfaction Phenomenon in Iran. Social Welfare Journal. Vol. 5, no 21. pp: 265-292 (text in Persian).
  17. Kahani, A., Fakhri Shojaei, P., (2001). Gender Identity Disorders of Transsexuals. Tehran: Tymourzadeh Publishing (text in Persian).
  18. Komsari, F., (2009). Comparison of the Happiness, Wellbeing and Lifestyle among Individuals with Gender Identity Disorder and Normal Ones. M. A. dissertation of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University branch of Science and Research of Tehran, Art and Humanities College (text in Persian).
  19. Lawrence, A. A., Meyer, I. H., Northridge, M. E., (2007). Transgender Health Concerns, in the Health of Sexual Minorities: Public Health Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Populations. New York, NY, US: Springer Science, Business Media, pp. 473-505.
  20. Lindley, L. L., Nicholson, T. J., Kerby, M. B.,  Lu, N., (2003). HIV/STI-Associated Risk Behaviors among Self-Identified Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender College Students in the United States. AIDS Education and Prevention, 15, 413-429.
  21. Lombardi, E. L., Wilchins, R. A., Priesing, D., Malouf, D., (2002). Gender Violence: Transgender Experiences with Violence and Discrimination. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(1), 89-101.
  22. Looy, H.,  Bouma, H., (2005). The Nature of Gender: Gender Identity in Persons Who Are Intersexed or Transgendered. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 33(3): 166-178, (169).
  23. Patton, M. Q., (1987). How to Use Qualitative Methods in Evaluation.London: Sage.
  24.  Poteat, T., German, D., Kerrigan, D., (2013). Managing Uncertainty: A Grounded Theory of Stigma in Transgender Health Care Encounters. Social Science & Medicine, 84, 22-29.
  25. Raeisei, F., Nasehi, A., (2003). Gender Identity Disorder. Tehran: Tehran Seda Publishing  (text in Persian).
  26. Reisner, S.L., Conron, K.J., Tardiff, L.A., Jarvi, S., Gordon, A.R., Austin, S.B., (2014). Monitoring the Health of Transgender and other Gender Minority Populations: Validity of Natal Sex And Gender Identity Survey Items in a US National Cohort of Young Adults. BMC Public Health 14 (1), 1224-1234.
  27. Richardson John, T. E., (1997), Introduction to the Study of Gender Differences in Cognition. (1997), Gender Differences in Human Cognition, Caplan Paula, J., Crawford, Mary, Hyde Janet Shibley, New York: Oxford University Press.
  28. Stieglitz, K. A., (2010). Development, Risk, and Resilience of Transgender youth. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 21(3), 192-206.
  29. Strauss, A. L., and  Corbin, J., (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research. London: Sage.
  30. Stryker, S., (2000). Identity Theory. in Edgar F. Borgatta and Khonda J. V.(eds.)  Encyclopedia of Sociology. Montgomery, USA: McMillan.
  31. Wilson, P., Sharp, C., Carr, S., (1999). The Prevalence of Gender Dysphoria in Scotland: A Primary Care Study. Consultant in Family Planning and Sexual Health, Glasgow. Centre for Family Planning and Sexual Health, Glasgow. British Journal of General Practice.
  32. Woodward, k., (2002). Understanding Identity. London: Arnold. (23, 24).
  33. Yaghob, F., (2006). Subculture of Transsexuals in Iran. M.A. Dissertation of Cultural Studies, Allameh Tabatabaei University (text in Persian).
  34. Yazdanpanah, L., (2011). Study of Gender Identity Disorder (Transsexual) Emphasizing the Role of Family (Comparative Study of The Welfare Organization’s Clients of Kerman Provinc (text in Persian).
  35. Yorburg, B., (1974). Sexual Identity, Sex Roles and Social Change. New York: A Wiley-Interscience Publication.

 

 

Journal of Woman and Family Studies
Volume 8, Issue 1 - Serial Number 16
April 2020
Pages 41-80