The Relationship between Curiosity and Subjective Well-being of Married Women: Mediating Effect of Intimacy and Marital Satisfaction

Document Type : Research/Original/Regular

Abstract

The Relationship between Curiosity and Subjective Well-being of Married Women: Mediating Effect of Intimacy and Marital Satisfaction
The purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship between curiosity and intimacy and marital satisfaction in married women's subjective well-being. For this purpose 265 married women in Tehran were selected using voluntary sampling. Research instruments were Curiosity and exploration inventory, Intimacy Scale, Relationship Assessment Scale, Satisfaction with life Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Results of path analysis showed that curiosity has a direct effect on marital satisfaction, positive affect and life satisfaction. Also curiosity through intimacy has significant indirect effects on marital satisfaction, life satisfaction and positive affect. intimacy Direct effect on marital satisfaction and intimacy indirect effect on life satisfaction and positive affect was also significant. Overall, the result demonstrates the importance of mediation Role of intimacy and marital satisfaction in the process relationship between curiosity and subjective well-being of women's.

Keywords

احتشام زاده،پروین.، مکوندی، بهنام و باقری، اشرف (1389). رابطۀ بخشودگی، کمال‌گرایی و صمیمیت با رضایت زناشویی در جانبازان و همسران آن‌ها.یافته‌های نو در روان‌شناسی.4 (12): 123-136.
بخشی پور،عباس و دژکام،محمود (1384). تحلیل عاملی تأییدی مقیاس عاطفه مثبت و منفی، مجله روان‌شناسی، 9 (4): 351-365.
چلبیانلو، غلامرضا(1383). بررسی رابطۀ شادمانی ذهنی و رضایت زناشویی، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه آزاد شیراز.
حافظی، فریبا و جامعی نژاد، فرحناز‌(1389). رابطۀ بین عشق، عاطفۀ مثبت، عاطفۀ منفی و سبک‌های دلبستگی با رضایت زناشویی در کارکنان شرکت ملی حفاری خوزستان. یافته‌های نو در روان‌شناسی. 4 (10): 41-52.
خوشخرام، نجمه و گلزاری، محمود‌ (1391). اثربخشی آموزشی افزایش عاطفه مثبت بر میزان رضایت زناشویی و سبک دلبستگی در دانشجویان متأهل.مطالعات روان‌شناختی، 7‌(3): 29-50.
دهشیری، غلامرضا و موسوی، سیده فاطمه‌ (1393). نقش تعدیل کنندۀ جنس در مقایسۀ شادکامی و رضایت از زندگی متأهلین دارای/ بدون رضایت زناشویی. رویش روان‌شناسی. 3 (7)‌: 19- 30.
شیخی، منصوره.، هومن، حیدر علی.، احدی، حسن و سپاه‌منصور، مژگان‌ (1390). مشخصه‌های روان‌سنجی مقیاس رضایت از زندگی. اندیشه و رفتار، 5 (19):15-26.
کار،الان‌ (1385). روانشناسی مثبت؛ علم شادمانی و نیرومندی های انسان، ترجمۀ حسن پاشا‌شریفی و همکاران، تهران: سخن.
گریشام، جان (گری) (1376). رازهایی درباره روابط زناشویی، ترجمۀ قدیر گلکاریان. تهران: یاران.
مطلب زاده، افسانه (1386). بررسی تأثیر شوخ طبعی بر سلامت روانی و شادمانی ذهنی در دانش آموزان شیراز، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه شیراز.
نادری، فرح. آزادمنش، پونه.(1391). مقایسه دلزدگی زناشویی، عملکرد خانواده و صمیمیت کارکنان زن و مرد. یافته‌های نو در روانشناسی، 7‌(22): 97-112.
Ainley, M., & Hidi, S. (2002). Dynamic measures for studying interest and learning. Advances in motivation and achievement: New directions in measures and methods,‌12, 43-76.
Berlyne, D. E. (1967). Arousal and reinforcement. In Nebraska symposium on motivation. University of Nebraska Press
Diener, E., Inglehart, R., & Tay, L. (2013). Theory and validity of life satisfaction scales. Social Indicators Research, 112, 497–527.
Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of personality assessment49(1): 71-75.
Graham, J. M. (2008). Self-expansion and flow in couples’ momentary experiences:An experience sampling study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,95, 679–694.
Greeff, Hildegarde L. &  Malherbe, A. (2001). Intimacy and marital satisfaction in spouses. Journal of Sex &Marital Therapy27(3): 247-257.
Hand, M. M., Thomas, D., Buboltz, W. C., Deemer, E. D., & Buyanjargal, M. (2013). Facebook and romantic relationships: Intimacy and couple satisfaction associated with online social network use. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(1): 8-13.
Hefferon, K. & Boniwell, I. (2011). Positive psychology: Theory, research and applications. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Hendrick S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 93–98.
Hendrick, Susan S., Dicke, Amy. & Hendrick, Clyde. (1998). The relationship assessment scale.Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(1): 137-142.
Johnson, W., & Krueger, R. F. (2006). How money buys happiness: genetic and environmental processes linking finances and life satisfaction. Journal of personality and social psychology90(4): 680.
Kaczmarek, L. D., Kashdan, T. B., Kleiman, E. M., Baczkowski, B., Enko, J., Siebers, A. & Baran, B. (2013). Who self-initiates gratitude interventions in daily life? An examination of intentions, curiosity, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences55(7): 805-810.
Kamp Dush, C. M., Taylor, M. G. & Kroeger, R. A. (2008). Marital Happiness and Psychological Well‐Being Across the Life Course*. Family Relations57(2): 211-226.
Kashdan, T. B. & Roberts, J. E. (2002). Trait and state curiosity in the genesis of intimacy: Differentiation from related constructs. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology23(6): 792-816.
Kashdan, T. B., & Steger, M. F. (2007). Curiosity and pathways to well-being and meaning in life: Traits, states, and everyday behaviors. Motivation and Emotion31(3): 159-173.
Kashdan, T. B., DeWall, C. N., Pond, R. S., Silvia, P. J., Lambert, N. M., Fincham, F. D., ... & Keller, P. S. (2013). Curiosity Protects Against Interpersonal Aggression: Cross‐Sectional, Daily Process, and Behavioral Evidence. Journal of personality81(1): 87-102.
Kashdan, T. B., Gallagher, M. W., Silvia, P. J., Winterstein, B. P., Breen, W. E., Terhar, D., & Steger, M. F. (2009). The curiosity and exploration inventory-II: Development, factor structure, and psychometrics. Journal of research in personality43(6): 987-998.
Kashdan, T. B., McKnight, P. E., Fincham, F. D., & Rose, P. (2011). When curiosity breeds intimacy: Taking advantage of intimacy opportunities and transforming boring conversations. Journal of personality79(6): 1369-1402.
Kidd, C., & Hayden, B. Y. (2015). The psychology and neuroscience of curiosity. Neuron, 88(3): 449-460.‏
Loewenstein, G. (1994). The psychology of curiosity: A review and interpretation. Psychological bulletin116(1): 75.
Long, L. L. & Young, M. E. (2007).Counseling and Therapy for Couples. Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
MacNeil, S. & Byers, E. S. (2005). Dyadic assessment of sexual self-disclosure and sexual satisfaction in heterosexual dating couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships22(2): 169-181.
Malone, T. W. (1981). Toward a theory of intrinsically motivating instruction*.Cognitive science5(4): 333-369.
McCrae, R. R., & Sutin, A. R. (2009). Openness to experience. In M.R. Leary and R.H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of Individual Differences. New York: Guilford Press
Patrick, S., Sells, J. N., Giordano, F. G. & Follerud, T.R. (2007). Intimacy, differentiation, and personality variables as predictors of marital satisfaction. The Family Journal, 15; 359- 367.
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Oxford University Press.
Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Beermann, U., Park, N. & Seligman, M. E. (2007). Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology2(3), 149-156.
Proulx, C. M., Helms, H. M. & Buehler, C. (2007). Marital quality and personal well‐being: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Marriage and family, 69(3), 576-593.‏
Silvia, P. J. (2008). Appraisal components and emotion traits: Examining the appraisal basis of trait curiosity. Cognition and Emotion22(1): 94-113
Spielberger, C. D. & Starr, L. M. (1994). Curiosity and exploratory behavior.Motivation: Theory and research, 221-243.
Straub, R. O. (2002). HIV and AIDS. Health Psychology11, 460-99.
Thoman, D. B., Smith, J. L. & Silvia, P. J. (2011). The resource replenishment function of interest. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1948550611402521
Vittersø, J., Søholt, Y., Hetland, A., Thoresen, I. A. & Røysamb, E. (2010). Was Hercules happy? Some answers from a functional model of human well-being. Social Indicators Research95(1): 1-18.
Walker, A.J & Thampson, L. (1983). Intimacy and interenertional aid and contact among mothers and daughters. Journal of Marriage and the family. 45.481-489.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A. & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology54(6): 1063.
Ye, S., Ng, T. K., Yim, K. H. & Wang, J. (2015). Validation of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory–II (CEI–II) Among Chinese University Students in Hong Kong. Journal of personality assessment, 97(4), 403-410.