رابطه خود- دلسوزی و سلامت روان با نقش میانجی عزت نفس و تصویر بدنی در دانشجویان دختر

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه مشاوره دانشگاه الزهرا

3 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

4 پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به نقش تصویر بدنی و عزت نفس در سلامت روان زنان، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی نقش میانجی عزت نفس و تصویر بدنی در ارتباط با خود-دلسوزی و سلامت روان در دانشجویان دختر پرداخت.
پروش پژوهش: جامعه‌ی پژوهش را دانشجویان دختر پیام نور شهرستان دلفان تشکیل می‌دهد. به این منظور280 دانشجو با روش نمونه-گیری خوشه‌ای تصادفی انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از مقیاس‌های روابط چند بعدی خود-بدن (MBSRQ)، سلامت روان (GHQ)، خود-دلسوزی (SCS)، عزت نفس (RESE) استفاده شد. داده‌های پژوهش با استفاده از روش تحلیل مسیر با نرم افزار Amos مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت.
یافته‌های پژوهش: نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد مدل از برازش مناسبی برخوردار است. همچنین خود-دلسوزی به دو صورت مستقیم و غیر مستقیم از طریق عزت نفس و تصویر بدنی سلامت روان را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد.
نتیجه‌گیری: پیشنهاد می‌شود از رویکرد خود- دلسوزی جهت افزایش عزت نفس و تصویر بدنی مثبت زنان استفاده شود. به علاوه با توجه به جدید بودن خود-دلسوزی پیشنهاد می‌شود پژوهش در این زمینه گسترش یابد.
کلمات کلیدی: مدل، عزت نفس، تصویر بدنی، خود- دلسوزی، سلامت روان

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The relationship between self-compassion and mental health with mediating role of self-esteem and body image in female students

نویسنده [English]

  • hadis cheraghian 1

چکیده [English]

Background and purpose: Regarding the role of body image and self-esteem in Mental Health in Women, research examined the mediating role of self-esteem and body image in relation to the self-compassion and mental health in female students
Research method: the population is composed of girl students of Payam Noor of Delfan city. For this purpose, 280 students were selected by random cluster sampling. In order collecting data, the scale of Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), mental health(GHQ), self-compassion(SCS), self-esteem(RESE) was used. The data were evaluated by the use of path analysis with Amos software.
Finding research: The results showed that the model has a good fit. As well as self-compassion through self-esteem and body image can affect mental health either directly and indirectly.
Conclusion: It is suggested the approach of self-compassion be used to increase the self-esteem and positive body image in women. In addition, according to the new self-compassion is recommended that more studies be accomplished in this field.
Key words: model, self-esteem, body-image, self-compassion, mental health

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • model
  • self-esteem
  • body-image
  • self-compassion
  • Mental Health
برهمند، اوشا (1387). بررسی شیوع اختلال بدشکلی بدن و عوامل روان شناختی مرتبط با آن در نوجوانان و بزرگسالان جوان، طرح پژوهشی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی.
تقوی، سید محمد رضا (1380). بررسی روایی و پایایی پرسشنامۀ سلامت عمومی. مجلۀ روانشناسی، 5(4): 398-381.
رضایی، لیلا (1389). تأثیر میزان عزّت نفس بر بهداشت روان زنان شاغل در کارخانۀ زیمنس شیراز و زنان غیر شاغل. فصلنامۀ تازه‌های روانشناسی صنعتی/ سازمانی،1(3): 29-19.
شجاعی تهرانی، فرید و عبادی فرد آذر، حسین (1385). اصول خدمات بهداشتی، تهران: سماط.
گنجی، حمزه (1384). ارزشیابی شخصیت (پرسشنامه‌ها). چاپ پـنجم، تهران: ساوالان.
محمدی، نورالله (1384). بررسی مقدماتی اعتبار و روایی مقیاس عزّت نفس روزنبرگ، فصلنامۀ روانشناسان ایرانی، 1(4): 320-313.
مومنی، فرشته.، شهیدی، شهریار.، موتابی، فرشته و حیدری، محمود‌ (1392). ویژگی‌های روانسنجی نسخه فارسی مقیاس خودشفقت ورزی، روانشناسی معاصر 8(2): 40-27.
Abela, J.R.Z., Webb, C.A., Wagner, C., Ho, M.H.R. & Adams, P. (2006). The role of self-criticism, dependency, and hassles in the course of depressive illness: A multivalve longitudinal study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(3): 328-338.
Adams, C.E., & Leary, M. R. (2007). Promoting self-compassionate attitudes toward eating among restrictive and guilty eaters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(10): 1120–1144.
Albertson, E.R., Neff, K.D. & Dill-Shakleford, K.E. (2015). Self-Compassion and Body Dissatisfaction in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Brief Meditation Intervention. ResearchGate, 6(3): 444-454.
Annis, N.M., Cash, T.F. & Hrabosky, J.I. (2004).Body image and psychosocial differences among stable average weight, currently overweight, and formerly overweight women: the role of stigmatize in experiences. Journal of Body Image, 1(1): 155-167.
Aramats, C.A., Moran, L. & Sands, R.T. (2003). Gender differences in body image concerns and depression amongst Australian adolescents, The Abstracts of the 38th Conference of the Australian Psychological Society, 163.
Baer, R.A. (2010). Self-compassion as a mechanism of change in mindfulness and acceptance based treatments. In R. A. Baer(Ed.), Assessing mindfulness & acceptance processes in clients(pp. 135–154). Oakland: New Harbinger.
Baumeister, R.F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I. & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(1): 1–44.
Belinda., L., Needham, M.A. & Crosnoer, A. (2005). Overweight status and depressive symptoms during adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36(1), 48-55.
Breines, J. G. & Chen, S. (2012). Self-compassion increases self-improvement motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(9): 1133–1143.
Cafri, G., Thompson, J., Ricciadelli, L., Mccabe, M., Smolake, L. & Yesalis, C. (2004). Pursuit of the muscular ideal: Physical and Psychological consequences and putative risk factors. Clinical Psychology Review, 25(2): 215-239.
Cash, T. F. & Fleming, E.C. (2002). Body image and social relations. In T.F. Cash & Pruzinsky, T. (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice(pp. 277–286). New York: Guilford Press.
Cheung, P., & Spears, G. (1994).Reliability and Validity of the 28 item General Health Questionnaire. 29(2): 95-99.
Ciarrochi, J., Heaven, P.C L. & Davies, F. (2007). The impact of hope, self-esteem and attributional style on adolescents’ school grades and emotional wellbeing: A longitudinal study. Journal o f Research in Personality, 41(6): 1161-1178.
Connors, J. & Casey, P. (2006). SES, body-esteem and self-esteem. Psychological Reports, 98, 699–704.
Cooley, E. & Toray, T. (2001). Body image and personality predictors of eating disorder symptoms during the college years. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30(1), 28–36.
Crocker, J., & Park, L.E. (2004). The costly pursuit of self-esteem. Psychological Bulletin, 130(3): 393–414.
Dastgheib, Z., Ghobadi Dashdebi, K., Gharlipour, Z., Hoseini, F., Vafaee, R. (2015). Investigation of the relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms among young patients with Multiple Sclerosis, Journal of Research on Religion & Health, 1(2): 28-35.
Dijkstra, P. & Barelds, D. P. H. (2011). Examining a model of dispositional mindfulness, body comparison, and body satisfaction. Body Image, 8(4): 419–422.
Dohnt, H. K., & Tiggemann, M. (2004). The development of perceived body size and dieting awareness in young girls. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 99(3): 790–792.
Finely-Straus, A. D. (2011). The relationship between self-compassion and disordered eating behaviors: Body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, and contingent self worth as mediators. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of Texas at Austin.
Freda, I. & Gamze, A. (2004). Social phobia among university students and its relation to self-esteem and body-image, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(9):630-635.
Gilbert, P. (2010). Compassion focused therapy: Distinctive features. London: Routledge.
Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: A pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13(6): 353–379.
Goldberg, D.P & Hillier,V.F.A. (1979). scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire, Psychological Medicine, 9(1), 139-145.
Green, P. & Pritchard, M. (2003). Predictors of body image dissatisfaction in adult men and women. Social Behavior Personality. 31(3): 215-222.
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit structural equation modelling. Atlantic, 6(1):53-60.
Hu, L. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1): 1-55.
Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Allen, A. B. & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(5): 887–904.
Levine, M. & Piran, N. (2004). The role of body image in the prevention of eating disorders. Journal Body image, 1(1): 57 -70.
Lyubomirsky, S., Chris, T., & Robin, M. (2006). What are the differences between Happiness and Self- Esteem. Social Indicators Research, 78(3): 363-404.
MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6): 545–552
Magnus, C.M.R., Kowalski, K.C. & McHugh, T. F. (2010). The role of self-compassion in women’s self-determined motives to exercise and exercise-related outcomes. Self and Identity, 9(4): 363–382.
Marshal, S.L., Parker, P.D., Ciarrochi, J., Sahdra, B., Jackson, C.J. & Heaven, P.C.L. (2015). Self compassion protects against the negative effects of low self-esteem: A longitudinal study in a large adolescent sample, Personality and Individual Difference, 74(8): 116-121.
Mosewich, A.D., Kowalski, K.C., Sabiston, C.M., Sedgwick, W.A., & Tracy, J. L. (2011). Self-compassion: A potential resource for young women athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33(1): 103–123.
Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2): 85–101.
Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223–250.
Neff, K.D. (2009). Self-compassion. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle(Eds), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior(pp. 561-573). New York: Guilford Press.
Neff, K.D. (2011a). Self-compassion, self-esteem, and well-being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5, 1–12.
Neff, K.D. & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity, 9(3): 225–240.
Neff, K.D., & Rude, S.S. & Kirkpatrick, K. (2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(4), 908-916.
Neff, K.D. & Vonk, R. (2009). Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: Two different ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 77(1): 23–50.
Neff, K.D., Hseih, Y. & Dejitthirat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4, 263-287.
Neiss, M.B., Stevenson. J., Sedikides, C., Kumashiro, M., Finkel, E. J. & Rusbult, C.E. (2005). Executive self, self-esteem, and negative affectivity: Relations at the phenotypic and genotypic level. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(4): 593-606.
O’Dea, J.A. (2004). Evidence for a self-esteem approach in the prevention of body image and eating problems among children and adolescents. Eating Disorders, 12(3): 225–239.
Pajor, A., Broniarczyk-Dyła, G. & Świtalska, J. (2015). Satisfaction with life, self-esteem and evaluation of mental health in people with tattoos or piercings. Psychiatry, 49(3): 559-573.
Pearson, A. N., Follette, V. M. & Hayes, S. C. (2012). A pilot study of acceptance and commitment therapy as a workshop intervention for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(1),181–197.
Pruzinsky, T. & Cash, F.T. (1990). Integrative Themes in Body Image Development, Deviance and Change. In: Body Image Development, Deviance and Change. [ed] By Cash, T. F & Pruzinsky, T. pp. 337-347. New York: the Guilford Press.
Pullmann, H., & Allik, J. (2000). The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale: Its dimensionality, stability and personality correlates in Estonian. Personality and Individual Differences, 28(4): 701­-715.
Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J. & Schimel, J. (2004). Why do people need self-esteem? Atheoretical and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 130(3): 435–468.
Richardson, L.P.G Arison, M.M., Drangsholt, M., Manol, L., & leresch, L. (2006). Association between depressive symptoms and obesity during puberty. General Hospital Psychiatry. 28(4): 313-320.
Rosen, J.C. & Ramirez, E. (1998). A comparison of eating disorders and body dimorphic disorder on body image and psychological adjustment. Journal of Psychosomatic research, 44(3-4):441 - 449.
Scheff, M.J. & fearon, D. (2003). "Cognation and emotion?" The dead end in self – esteem research, updated April.
Shapiro, L.B. & Mongrain, M. (2010). The benefits of self compassion and optimism exercises for individuals vulnerable to depression. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(5): 377-389.
Smith, G. (2007). Parenting effects on self- Efficacy and Self- Esteem in late adolescence and how those factors impact adjustment to college. Philadelphia: Eastern psychological Association. Ph.
Smolak, L., Levine, M.P., & Schermer, F. (1999). Parental input in weight concerns among elementary school children. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 25(3): 263–272.
Spence, J.C., McGannon, K., & Poon, P. (2005). "The effect of exercise on global self – esteem. University of Alberta". Journal of sport and exercise psychology. 27(3), PP:311-334.
Steiner-Adair, C. & Sjostrom, L. (2006). Full of ourselves: A wellness program to advance girl power, health and leadership. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Stice, E. (2002). Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 128(5): 825–848.
Stice, E., & Whitenton, K. (2002). Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls: A longitudinal investigation. Developmental Psychology, 38(5): 669–678.
Sujoldzic A, Lucica AD. (2007). A cross-cultural study of adolescents-BMI, body image and psychological well-being. Coll Antropol, 31(1): 123-130.
Swami, V., Airs, N., Chouhan, B., Leon, M. A. P. & Towell, T. (2009). Are there ethnic differences in positive body image among female British undergraduates? European Psychologist, 14(4): 288–296.
Tiggemann, M. (2005). Body dissatisfaction and adolescent self-esteem: Prospective findings. Body Image, 2(2): 129–135.
Wasylkiw, L., MacKinnon, A.L. & Maclellan, A.M. (2012). Exploring the link between self-compassion and body image in university women. Bady image, 9, 236-245.
Wood-Barcalow, N. L., Tylka, T. & Augustus-Horvath, C. L. (2010). ‘But I like my body’: Positive body image characteristics and a holistic model for young adult women. Body Image, 7(2): 106–116.
Wood-Barcalow, N.L., Tylka, T., & Augustus-Horvath, C. L. (2010). ‘But I like my body’: Positive body image characteristics and a holistic model for young adult women. Body Image, 7(2): 106–116.